حضور نیروهای نظامی خارجی در افغانستان و گسترش افراط‌گرایی فرقه‌ای در پاکستان (2001 تا 2011)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)

2 کارشناس ارشد روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این مقاله، حاصل پژوهشی درباره افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان در حد فاصل سال­های 2001 تا 2011 است. پدیده افراط­گرایی، به لحاظ تاریخی، به­طور عمیق از تحول­های منطقه­ای در همسایگی پاکستان، متأثر بوده­است؛ ازاین­رو، هدف این مقاله نشان­دادن سازوکار تأثیر حضور نیروهای نظامی خارجی در افغانستان در گسترش افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان طی سال­های 2001 تا 2011 است. در این مقاله نشان­داده­شده که چگونه ورود نیروهای طالبانِ افغان و القاعده به خاک پاکستان و متعاقب آن، تشکیل طالبان پاکستان و همچنین نحوه مواجهه دولت پاکستان و ایالات متحده با این گروه­ها و سایر سازمان­های ستیزه­گر، هریک به ­نحوی در تشدید افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان دخیل بوده­اند. به­منظور سنجش کمّی افراط­گرایی از دو شاخص «بمب­گذاری» و «حمله انتحاری» استفاده­شده­است. استدلال مقاله پیش رو، آن است که حضور نیروهای نظامی خارجی در افغانستان پس از سال 2001 باعث گسترش افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان شده­است؛ اهمیت این مسئله از آنجا آشکار می­شود که رویکردهای فروملی با تأکید بر عوامل اقتصادی، نظیر فقر و توسعه­نیافتگی و مؤلفه­های مذهبی، مانند نحوه تفسیر آموزه جهاد، در درک دلیل اصلی گسترش افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان به راه خطا می­روند. روش به­کاررفته در این پژوهش، تحلیل اسنادی و استفاده از آمار موجود در این زمینه است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Presence of Foreign Military Forces in Afghanistan and Spread of Sectarian Extremism in Pakistan (2001-2011)

نویسندگان [English]

  • G.H Mahbubi, 1
  • S.H Shahvand, 2
  • jafar azimzadeh 2
1 Faculty member of Imam Hosein University.
2 M.A. in international relations, University of Tehran.
چکیده [English]

Historically, extremism in Pakistan has been deeply influenced by regional developments around Pakistan. Hence, the main objective of the present paper is to show the mechanisms of the impact of presence of foreign military forces in Afghanistan in spread of sectarian extremism in Pakistan from 2001 to 2011. The findings of this research indicate that the entry of Afghan Taleban forces into the soil of Pakistan, the formation of Pakistan Taleban and the way of treatment of these groups other combatant groups by Pakistan and the United States have somehow intensified sectarian extremism in Pakistan. In order to quantitatively measure extremism two indexes of bombing and suicide attacks have been used. The hypothesis of this paper is that the presence of foreign military forces in Afghanistan after 2001 has caused the spread of sectarian extremism in Pakistan. This finding of this research sustains the hypothesis which is significant because the intra-national approaches which lay emphasis on economic factors such as poverty and unemployment, or religious factors such as the way of interpretation of the doctrine of Jihad in Islam do not offer a correct analysis of the causes of sectarian extremism in Pakistan. The research method applied in this study is documental based on existing statistics. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Factional extremism
  • Military occupation
  • Taliban
  • Al-Qaeda
فهرست منابع
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3- منابع الکترونیکی
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http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones
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http://www.satp.org